Zhao, Lan https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0512-3791
Liang, Kaiyu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2535-8220
Cheng, Wenqiang
Zhou, Xizhuo
Yang, Libin
Mao, Xinning
Qi, Weihui
Jin, Hongting
Zhang, Wei
Pan, Hao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7136-5822
Wang, Dong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6267-8819
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chinese Medicine Research Program of Zhejiang Province (2025KY1150)
Hangzhou Science and Technology Bureau (20241203A15)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82405429)
Article History
Received: 5 March 2025
Accepted: 12 August 2025
First Online: 26 August 2025
Competing interests
: L.Z., K.L., H.P., D.W., and W.C. have filed a patent application for the dual-modality system described in this study for DNA clearance to alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration. The other authors declare no competing interests.