Ren, Qian https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8514-4973
Wang, Jing
Idikuda, Vinay https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6324-5839
Zhang, Shanwen
Shin, Jeehae https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3127-3450
Ludlam, W. Grant
Real Hernandez, Luis M.
Zdancewicz, Sara
Kreutzberger, Alex J. B.
Chang, Hucheng
Kiessling, Volker https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9388-5703
Tamm, Lukas K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1674-4464
Jomaa, Ahmad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5543-7942
Levental, Ilya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1206-9545
Martemyanov, Kirill
Chanda, Baron https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4954-7034
Bao, Huan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4301-4627
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (DP2GM140920, R35GM156801)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG078699)
Article History
Received: 16 May 2025
Accepted: 13 August 2025
First Online: 26 August 2025
Competing interests
: Huan Bao has filed a patent application through the University of Florida related to the DeFrMSPs described in this work (International Patent Application No. PCT/US25/10215). All other authors declare no competing interests.