Janssen Daalen, Jules M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6290-5882
Meinders, Marjan J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-7035
Giardina, Federica https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3710-0940
Mathur, Soania https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6224-7573
Ainslie, Philip N.
Thijssen, Dick H. J.
Bloem, Bastiaan R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6371-3337
Funding for this research was provided by:
Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research (MJFF-019201 and MJFF-025704)
Article History
Received: 12 February 2024
Accepted: 14 August 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Competing interests
: Bastiaan R. Bloem has received honoraria from serving on the scientific advisory board for Abbvie, Biogen, UCB, and Walk with Path; has received fees for speaking at conferences from AbbVie, Zambon, Roche, GE Healthcare, and Bial; and has received research support from The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, the Michael J. Fox Foundation, UCB, Abbvie, the Stichting Parkinson Fonds, the Hersenstichting Nederland, the Parkinson Foundation, Verily Life Sciences, Horizon 2020, the Topsector Life Sciences and Health, and the Parkinson Vereniging. The other authors have nothing to disclose.