Pollok, Stefan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9311-5709
Khoshkalam, Mohamad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8304-4417
Ghaffari-Tabrizi, Fardin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7205-293X
Kurnia, Fran https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7769-7369
Wang, Danni https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9312-4423
Li, Siqi https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2339-689X
Bucher, Dominik B. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2160-0235
Rupp, Jennifer L. M.
Christensen, Dennis V. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0048-7595
Funding for this research was provided by:
Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF21OC0068015, NNF21OC0068015)
Teknologi og Produktion, Det Frie Forskningsråd (https://doi.org/10.46540/3123-00034B, https://doi.org/10.46540/3123-00034B, https://doi.org/10.46540/3123-00034B)
Hans Fischer Fellowship funded by the Technical University of Munich, Institute for Advanced Study, Germany.
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (EXC 2089/1—390776260, EXC 2089/1 – 390776260, EXC 2089/1—390776260)
Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Wirtschaft und Medien, Energie und Technologie (Industrialisierbarkeit von Festkörperelektrolytzellen)
Article History
Received: 30 November 2024
Accepted: 12 August 2025
First Online: 17 September 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare the following competing interests: The Technical University of Denmark has filed a method patent application, EP25177083.0, describing the use of magnetic imaging for battery research, with D.V.C., M.K., and S.P. as inventors. D.B.B. is co-founder and advisor of Quantum Diamonds GmbH, a company focused on developing and commercializing NV-diamond technology. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.