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Authors
Frivold, Collrane https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2000-5429
Cox, Sarah N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2447-0504
Starita, Lea https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2870-5099
Babu, Tara M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7093-4077
Hoffman, Katherine L.
Carone, Marco https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2106-0953
Lockwood, Christina M.
Kuntz, Jennifer L.
Mularski, Richard A.
Varga, Alexandra
Han, Peter D.
Reed, Jonathan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4425-7636
Piliper, Eli A.
Mohamed Bakhash, Shah A. K.
Greninger, Alexander L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7443-0527
Clark, Erica
Stone, Jeremy
Grindstaff, Sally
Boisvert, Cassandra L.
Yetz, Neil
Lo, Natalie K.
Hatchie, Tara L.
Marshall, Grace
Wolock, Charles J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3527-1102
Feldstein, Leora R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-6760
Weil, Ana A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6170-4306
Englund, Janet A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1134-4178
Naleway, Allison L.
Chu, Helen Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8502-9600
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (75D30121C12297)
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Article History
Received: 8 January 2025
Accepted: 19 August 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Competing interests
: S.N.C. reported consulting with Pfizer, Inc. outside of the submitted work. C.M.L. reported being on the Scientific Advisory Board for LGC group. J.L.K. reported research funding not related to the submitted work from Pfizer, Novartis, and Vir Biotechnology. R.A.M. reported research funding not related to the submitted work from PCORI, CDC, NHLBI, NIAID, Glaxo Smith Kline, Merck, and Sanofi; his institution is funded by Pfizer, Inc. for RSV vaccine development as site PI. A.L.G. reported central lab contract testing from Abbott, Cepheid, Novavax, Pfizer, Janssen and Hologic, research support from Gilead, outside of the described work. A.A.W. reported research funding unrelated to this work from Pfizer, Inc. J.A.E. reported consulting with Ark Biopharmaceuticals, Sanofi Pasteur, Moderna, Meissa Vaccines, Astra Zeneca, and Pfizer, Inc. outside of the submitted work, and has received research funding from AstraZeneca, Merck, GlaxoSmithKline, and Pfizer. H.Y.C. reported consulting with Ellume, Pfizer, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; she has served on advisory boards for Vir, Merck and Abbvie; she has conducted CME teaching with Medscape, Vindico, and Clinical Care Options; she has received research funding from Gates Ventures, and support and reagents from Ellume and Cepheid outside of the submitted work. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
