Zhang, Haosong https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7482-2607
Zeng, Xinhao
Yin, Yandong
Zhu, Zheng-Jiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3272-3567
Article History
Received: 13 March 2025
Accepted: 22 August 2025
First Online: 30 August 2025
Competing interests
: Z.-J.Z. and H.Z. are inventors on a patent application (CN202510593995.5, applicant: Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences) covering the GNN-based model for predicting reaction relationships and the algorithm of the two-layer networking topology described in this study. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.