Kobayati, Alessandra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1565-7078
El Fathi, Anas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7837-1555
Garfield, Natasha
Legault, Laurent
Jafar, Adnan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5579-2496
Yale, Jean-François https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7833-9050
Tsoukas, Michael A.
Haidar, Ahmad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-0385
Article History
Received: 23 October 2024
Accepted: 26 August 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Competing interests
: A.H., A.E.F. and A.J. own intellectual property in diabetes technology. A.J., A.H., and M.T. received IP acquisition fees from BigFoot; A.H. also from Eli Lilly. A.H. received research support from Eli Lilly, Dexcom, Adocia, Tandem, Bet Bionics and AgaMatrix, and consulting fees from Eli Lilly and Abbot Diabetes. L.L. received research support (AstraZeneca, Merck), consulting fees (Abbott, Dexcom, Insulet, Novo Nordisk), and speaker/travel support (Novo Nordisk). J-F.Y. received research support (Bayer, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, Sanofi), consulting fees (Abbott, Dexcom), and speaker honoraria (Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk). M.A.T. received research support (AgaMatrix) and speaker honoraria (Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, AstraZeneca). All other authors declare no competing interests.