Fuchs, Jonas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1974-212X
Karl, Vivien https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7026-7622
Hettich, Ina
Alvarado, Jaime https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6634-8024
Eckert, Daniel
Jaki, Lena https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9732-181X
Kohl, Ann-Kathrin
Kremser, Anastasia
Maks, Anastasija
Terschluse, Charlott
Agarwal, Prerana
Emmerich, Florian
Fähndrich, Sebastian
Flügler, Annabelle
Hornuss, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2621-3341
Kalbhenn, Johannes
Kneidinger, Nikolaus
Lau, Inga https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3725-2732
Lother, Achim
Moneke, Isabelle
Schibilsky, David
Schygulla, Elisabeth
Venhoff, Nils https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7729-2759
Zissel, Gernot https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8021-9798
Czerny, Martin
Huzly, Daniela
Kochs, Georg https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0187-559X
Neumann-Haefelin, Christoph https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7351-1387
Passlick, Bernward
Stolz, Daiana
Thimme, Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1417-4135
Panning, Marcus https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3596-5964
Hofmann, Maike https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8410-8833
Frye, Björn C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3520-1868
Funding for this research was provided by:
Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg: Berta-Ottenstein-Program for Advanced Clinical Scientists
Medical-Scientist Program of the Medical University Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
Helmholtz Association (KA1-Co-02 “COVIPA, KA1-Co-02 “COVIPA)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (HO-5836/2-1)
Article History
Received: 25 October 2024
Accepted: 26 August 2025
First Online: 16 September 2025
Competing interests
: A.L. indicates research grants from the German Research Foundation, the German Heart Foundation and the German Center for Infectious Research. A.L. indicates travel grants from Diaplan and participation in advisory boards of Bayer AG. B.C.F. indicates research support from Bristol-Myer Squibb and Relief Therapeutics unrelated to the manuscript, consulting and lecture fees from Advita Lifescience GmbH, Actelion, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Roche and Vifor, travel support from Boehringer Ingelheim. B.C.F. indicates the following intellectual property: WO2020225246A1; WO2021152119A1. DH indicates lecture fees from BioMerieux. D.St. reports financial support for lectures or participation at advisory boards from Astra-Zeneca AG, Novartis AG, GSK AG, Roche AG, Zambon, Pfizer, Schwabe Pharma AG, Vifor AG, Chiesi AG, MSD, Pfizer, Sanofi, Chemie Menarini, CSL-Behring, Boehringer Ingelheim outside the submitted work. N.K. indicates lecture fees from AstraZeneca. PA indicates personal lecture fees from Boehringer Ingelheim. SF indicates personal lecture fees from Astra Zeneca and CSL Behring outside the submitted work. All other authors declare no competing interests.