Tian, Ruonan
Xue, Ziwei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3491-2433
Chen, Yiru https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5114-4947
Qi, Yicheng https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6717-0343
Zhang, Jian
Yuan, Jie
Ruan, Dengfeng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3390-4260
Lin, Junxin
Liu, Jia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-9750
Wang, Di https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2712-1705
Ye, Youqiong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8332-4710
Liu, Wanlu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5963-2908
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32370935)
Article History
Received: 5 August 2024
Accepted: 2 September 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Competing interests
: W.L., R.T., and Z.X. have submitted a patent application to the Chinese patent office pertaining to the SpatialMETA algorithm aspect of this work (application number 2025110969999). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.