Pesce, Martina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7293-8175
Feikin, Daniel R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5154-5084
Higdon, Melissa M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1932-9442
O’Brien, Katherine L.
Patel, Minal K.
Rearte, Analía https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7665-7322
Vizzotti, Carla
Wilder-Smith, Annelies
Parker, Edward P. K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5847-109X
Funding for this research was provided by:
DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR200929)
Article History
Received: 15 August 2024
Accepted: 2 September 2025
First Online: 13 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests. D.R.F., K.L.O’.B., M.K.P., and A.W.-S. are WHO employees. The views, findings, and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the World Health Organization.