Park, Chanhyun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2231-8071
Choi, Jingyu
Park, Seojoung https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8889-1378
Kim, Hyeong-Jong https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6644-0354
Kim, Yunseo https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8168-6188
Lim, Gukhyun
Lee, Juho https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3405-7056
Lee, Eunryeol https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2868-5649
Jo, Sugeun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2832-0343
Kim, Jiwon
Kim, Jinsoo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8217-5071
Lim, Jun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0047-2273
Kim, Taeseok
Hong, Jihyun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7210-2901
Kim, Donghyuk https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6489-032X
Jung, Sung-Kyun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3708-3757
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (2022R1C1C1006575, RS-2024-00406724, RS-2024-00440681)
Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (20017836)
the POSCO Science Fellowship of POSCO TJ Park Foundation
Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (RS-2024-00419413)
Article History
Received: 8 February 2025
Accepted: 29 August 2025
First Online: 3 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.