Document is current

Article History

Received: 28 February 2025

Accepted: 1 September 2025

First Online: 6 October 2025

Competing interests

: M. Lei reports employment and stocks from Bristol Myers Squibb; and patents, PCT/US2020/025456, PCT/US2020/025441, and Methods of treating tumor application number 63328715. M. Overman reports consulting roles at 3D Medicines, Array BioPharma, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eisai, Gritstone Bio, Janssen, MedImmune, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, and Simcere; and research funding from Bristol Myers Squibb, MedImmune, Merck, and Roche. J. Yao reports employment and stocks from Bristol Myers Squibb. T. André reports consulting roles at AbbVie, Aptitude Health, Bristol Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, MSD Oncology, Nimbus Therapeutics, Nordic Bioscience, Pfizer, Seagen, Servier, and Takeda; honoraria from Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Merck Serono, Sanofi, Seagen, and Servier; travel support from Bristol Myers Squibb, MSD Oncology, and Takeda; uncompensated relationships with Adjuvant Colon Cancer End Points (ACCENT) Collaborative Group and ARCAD Foundation; and other relationship with Ispima. S. Lonardi reports honoraria from Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte, Lilly, Merck Serono, MSD Oncology, Pierre Fabre, Roche, and Servier; consulting roles at Amgen, Astellas Pharma, Bayer, Beigene, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, GlaxoSmithKline, Heylon, Incyte, Lilly, Merck Serono, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Nimbus Therapeutics, Rottapharm Biotech, Servier, and Takeda; and research funding from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lilly, Merck Serono, and Roche. H.-J. Lenz reports honoraria from AbbVie, Adagene, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Fulgent Genetics, Jansen Oncology, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Merck Serono, Merus and Roche; consulting roles at 3 T BioSciences, AbbVie, Adagene, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Fulgent Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck Serono and Roche; and travel support from Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb and Merck Serono. M. Aglietta reports consulting roles at Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, and Roche; travel support from Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, and Tesaro; and research funding from AstraZeneca. R. McDermott reports honoraria from Astellas, Bristol Myers Squibb, Ipsen, Janssen, and Merck Sharpe & Dohme; and travel support from Bayer, Novartis and Pfizer. M. Wong reports a consulting role at MSD Oncology; and honoraria from MSD Oncology and Sirtex Medical. M. Morse reports honoraria from Pfizer and Taiho Pharmaceutical. E. Van Cutsem reports consulting roles at AbbVie, Agenus, ALX Oncology, Amgen, Arcus Biosciences, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BeiGene, BioNTech, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Debiopharma Group, Eisai, ElmediX, GlaxoSmithKline, Hookipa Biotech, Incyte, Ipsen, Lilly, Merck KGaA, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Mirati Therapeutics, Nordic Group, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Roche, Seagen, Servier, Simcere, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Takeda, and TERUMO. D. Cardin reports honoraria from OncLive/MJH Life Sciences; consulting role at Clarivate and The KOL Connection Ltd.; and research funding from Array BioPharma, Corcept Therapeutics, Elicio Therapeutics, Lilly, Novartis, Rafael Pharmaceuticals, and Xbiotech. B. Neyns reports consulting roles at Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, and Pierre Fabre; research funding from Novartis; and travel support from Merck Sharp & Dohme and Pierre Fabre. A. Hill reports employment and stocks from Tasman Oncology. R.R. Jenq reports consulting roles at MaaT Pharma and Prolacta Bioscience; patent royalties from Seres Therapeutics; and stocks from Postbiotics Plus and Seres Therapeutics. S. Abdullaev reports employment and stocks from Bristol Myers Squibb. B. He reports employment and stocks from Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene. R. Novosiadly reports employment at Bristol Myers Squibb and stocks from Bristol Myers Squibb and Eli Lilly. S. Kopetz reports consulting roles at Agenus, Amgen, AmMax Bio, Arcus Biosciences, AstraZeneca, Aveo, Bayer Health, Beigene, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bridgebio, Bristol Myers Squibb/Medarex, Carina Biotech, Clasp Therapeutics, Cytovation, Dewpoint Therapeutics, EMD Serono, Flame Biosciences, Frontier Medicines, Genentech, Harbinger Oncology Inc, Ikena Oncology, Kestrel Therapeutics, Marengo Therapeutics, Merck, Mirati Therapeutics, Pfizer, Replimune, Revolution Medicines, Roche, SageMedic, Servier, Sibylla, T-Cypher Bio, Tachyon Therapeutics, Xaira Therapeutics and Zentalis; research funding from Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, BridgeBio, Daiichi Sankyo, EMD Serono, Genentech/Roche, Guardant Health, Lilly, Pfizer and Zentalis; and stocks from Frontier Medicines, Lutris and Navire. All other authors have nothing to report.