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Authors
Thalhammer, Melissa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1950-4340
Seidlitz, Jakob https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8164-7476
Neubauer, Antonia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9820-3735
Menegaux, Aurore
Schmitz-Koep, Benita
Di Biase, Maria A.
Schulz, Julia
Dorfschmidt, Lena https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0447-1104
Bethlehem, Richard A. I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0714-0685
Alexander-Bloch, Aaron https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6554-1893
Adamson, Chris
Ball, Gareth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3509-1435
Sa de Almeida, Joana
Beare, Richard
Zimmer, Claus
Daamen, Marcel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3017-3901
Boecker, Henning https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2346-0598
Bartmann, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7115-3552
Wolke, Dieter https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0304-268X
Hedderich, Dennis M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8994-5593
Sorg, Christian
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Article History
Received: 9 February 2025
Accepted: 2 September 2025
First Online: 12 September 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: M.T. and J. Schulz reports financial support was provided by the German Academic Scholarship Foundation (“Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes”). C.S., A.M., and D.M.H. report financial support was provided by the German Research Foundation (“Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft”; DFG). P.B., D.W., and C.S. report financial support was provided by German Federal Ministry of Education and Science. D.W. and P.B. report financial support was provided by EU Horizon 2020. C.S., D.M.H., and B.S.-K. report financial support was provided by Commission for Clinical Research, Technical University of Munich. Data collection for the Bavarian Longitudinal Study from birth to 26 years was supported by grants from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Science (BMBF). D.W. and data collection of BLS at age 38 years are supported by the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Research Frontier Grant under the UK governments Horizon Europe funding guarantee. J. Seidlitz, R.A.I.B., and A.A.-B. hold equity in and J. Seidlitz and R.A.I.B. are directors of Centile Bioscience. Other authors have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
