Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (22222815, 22441040)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (22021004)
Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing (2462023QNXZ004)
Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing (2462024XKBH004, 2462025BJRC007)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2024M753610)
Article History
Received: 2 December 2024
Accepted: 29 August 2025
First Online: 7 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.