Han, Jiabao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7743-9092
Bai, Hanyu
Li, Fan
Zhang, Ying
Article History
Received: 30 October 2024
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 15 October 2025
Competing interests
: W.L., Q.Z., J.B.H., and H.Y.B. have filed a patent application with the China National Intellectual Property Administration covering the design and application of the SFV-based VLP system for gene and protein delivery (application number: 202311713766X; status: published). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.