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Authors
McGivern, Lauren E.
Lim, Zhong Hui
Yuan, Yizhi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6508-9216
Bo, Zonghua
Wu, Guangqi
Bayley, Hagan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2499-6116
Qing, Yujia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2110-4269
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-049685)
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Article History
Received: 1 February 2025
Accepted: 11 September 2025
First Online: 24 October 2025
Competing interests
: H.B. is the founder of, a consultant for and a shareholder of Oxford Nanopore Technologies, a company engaged in the development of nanopore sensing and sequencing technologies. L.E.M., Z.H.L., H.B. and Y.Q. have filed patents describing the engineered nanopores and their applications in small-molecule covalent sensing. Z.B. and Y.Y. are listed as contributors to the IP. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
