Ji, Zhurun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0751-275X
Barber, Mark E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3674-1607
Zhu, Ziyan
Kometter, Carlos R.
Yu, Jiachen
Watanabe, Kenji https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-8119
Taniguchi, Takashi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-3105
Liu, Mengkun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3512-9133
Devereaux, Thomas P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8072-9237
Feldman, Benjamin E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4962-0548
Shen, Zhixun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-0281
Funding for this research was provided by:
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF4546)
National Science Foundation (NSF-DMR-2103910)
Article History
Received: 17 November 2024
Accepted: 4 September 2025
First Online: 17 October 2025
Competing interests
: Z.-X.S. is a co-founder of PrimeNano Inc., which licensed Stanford University's MIM technology. The other authors declare no competing interests.