Chen, Hanning https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5760-4719
Rignot, Eric https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3366-0481
Scheuchl, Bernd https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5947-7709
Milillo, Pietro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1171-3976
Morlighem, Mathieu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5219-1310
Gadi, Ratnakar
Ciracì, Enrico https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4332-3929
Kim, Jae Hun
Dini, Luigi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8834-7046
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NSSC20K1618)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NSSC23M0146)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NSSC23K0177)
Article History
Received: 15 October 2024
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 21 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.