Ji, Tengxiao
Ren, Shaoxuan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4875-7558
Yang, Yumeng
Jiang, Gaopeng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4114-4281
Crescenzo, Giuseppe V.
Scott, Sabrina S.
Kim, Yongwook https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2381-4379
Williams, Aubry S. R. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3052-1390
Rumscheidt, Jordan
Stolar, Monika
Berlinguette, Curtis P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-849X
Funding for this research was provided by:
Canada Foundation for Innovation (229288, 229288)
Canada Research Chairs
Canada First Research Excellence Fund
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (BSE-BERL-162173)
New Frontiers in Research Fund
Article History
Received: 19 November 2024
Accepted: 16 September 2025
First Online: 21 October 2025
Competing interests
: T.J., S.R., and C.P.B. have filed a patent application on the work presented in this manuscript. C.P.B. is a founder of a company commercializing the technology. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.