Zhang, Hanyin
Lin, Nan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8680-2455
Evans, Austin M.
Wang, Tonghui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5027-1541
Pratik, Saied Md
Bredas, Jean-Luc https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-4471
Li, Haoyuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2469-5842
Article History
Received: 2 September 2024
Accepted: 10 September 2025
First Online: 22 October 2025
Competing interests
: A Chinese patent (CN 202410963353.5) on the algorithms for training models and predicting labels was filed, listing H.Z. and H.L. as inventors. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.