Liang, Jizhi https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7606-3896
Wang, Xiner
Chen, Zhaohan
Wei, Xiaoling https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-2260
Sun, Liuyang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9896-4382
Liu, Keyin
Shi, Zhifeng
Tao, Tiger H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6583-5039
Zhou, Zhitao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4277-4461
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y2023070)
Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (22QA1410900)
Article History
Received: 26 September 2024
Accepted: 17 September 2025
First Online: 23 October 2025
Competing interests
: T.H.T. is a founder of Neuroxess Co., Ltd., and Z.C. is employed by the company. Neuroxess may in the future use our intraventricular interfaces for research or commercial activities derived from this work. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.