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Authors
Fang, Lingyi https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7618-8046
Ren, Ming
Li, Biwen https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8704-6615
Liu, Xuzheng
Liang, Suzhe
Petermann, Julian
Gholipoor, Mohammad
Zhao, Tonghan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5300-1651
Sutter, Johannes https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5634-3449
Fassl, Paul https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9604-3405
Weber, Henry
Niemann, Ralf
Dai, Linjie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-3041
Guo, Renjun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1116-3334
Lemmer, Uli https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9892-329X
Fertig, Fabian
Paetzold, Ulrich W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1557-8361
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Article History
Received: 4 March 2025
Accepted: 17 September 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Competing interests
: H.W., R.N. are Senior R&D Scientists at Hanwha Q CELLS GmbH. F.F. is the Head of Tandem R&D – Director of Hanwha Q CELLS GmbH. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
