Zhao, Yue https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6029-7123
Savelieff, Masha G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5575-2494
Li, Xiayan
Guo, Kai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4651-781X
Wang, Kai
Li, Minghua https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7373-6535
Li, Bo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5843-0925
Iyer, Gayatri
Sakowski, Stacey A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5064-9022
Zhao, Lili https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6366-8206
Teener, Samuel J. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9072-8184
Bakulski, Kelly M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9605-6337
Dou, John F.
Traynor, Bryan J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0527-2446
Karnovsky, Alla
Batterman, Stuart A.
Hur, Junguk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0736-2149
Goutman, Stephen A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8780-6637
Sartor, Maureen A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6155-5702
Feldman, Eva L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9162-2694
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS127188)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS120926)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30ES017885)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES030049)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Association (20-IIA-532)
Article History
Received: 27 February 2025
Accepted: 23 September 2025
First Online: 31 October 2025
Competing interests
: YZ: None. MGS: None. XL: None. KG: None. KW: None. ML: None. BL: None. GI: None. SAS: Listed as inventors on a patent, Issue number US10660895, held by the University of Michigan, titled “Methods for Treating Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,” that targets immune pathways for use in ALS therapeutics. SAS has received unrelated research funding from NIH R01DK129320, which has no competing interest with this work. LZ: None. SJT: None. KMB None. JFD: None. BJT: BJT holds patents on the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of the C9orf72 repeat expansion. BJT has a patent pending (U.S. Patent Application No. 63/717,807) on the diagnostic testing for ALS based on the proteomic panel. BJT has received unrelated research funding from Cerevel Therapeutics and the ALS Association, which have no competing interest with this work. BJT holds a leadership role in an Advisory Committee of the American Neurological Association. BJT serves on the editorial board of EClinicalMedicine and JNNP and is an associate editor for Brain. BJT also has collaborative research agreements with Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Roche, and Optimeos. AK: None. SAB: None. JH: None. SAG: Listed as inventors on a patent, Issue number US10660895, held by the University of Michigan titled “Methods for Treating Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis” that targets immune pathways for use in ALS therapeutics. Scientific consulting for Evidera. Payment from the American Academy of Neurology. MAS: None. ELF: ELF is listed as an inventor on a patent, Issue number US10660895, held by the University of Michigan titled “Methods for Treating Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis” that targets immune pathways for use in ALS therapeutics. ELF has received unrelated funding from NIH, CDC/ATSDR, DoD, Breakthrough T1D, and the American Heart Association, which have no competing interest with this work. ELF was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Committee on Making ALS a Livable Disease.