Deming, Meagan E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2574-0542
Toapanta, Franklin R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9439-0828
Pasetti, Marcela
Golding, Hana
Khurana, Surender https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0593-7965
Hamouda, Tarek
Fattom, Ali
Liang, Yuanyuan
Tennant, Sharon M.
McGilvray, Megan F.
Bernal, Paula J. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2421-302X
Oshinsky, Jennifer J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6919-6780
Datta, Shrimati
Booth, Jasnehta Permala
Coughlan, Lynda https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9880-6560
Neuzil, Kathleen M.
Costley, Chad D.
Kotloff, Karen L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-6431
Sztein, Marcelo B.
Ortiz, Justin R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-5965
,
Acosta, Hugo
Agrawal, Vaidehi
Campbell, James D.
Hu, Jingping
Johnson-Mayo, Ifayet P. L.
Kang, Insung
King, Lisa R.
Manischewitz, Jody
Mishra, Ashish K.
Nkeze, Joseph N.
Posadas, Olivia
Rapaka, Rekha R.
Schneider, Cosette G.
Smith, Douglas M.
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U01AI148081, R01AI148369, K08A170950)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (HHSO100200600021C)
Mucosal IgG and IgA, and B-cell immune responses were performed under a contract between BlueWillow Biologics, Inc and the University of Maryland, Baltimore
Article History
Received: 11 June 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 6 November 2025
Competing interests
: A.F.: Employee of BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. at time of study design. C.G.S.: Institution has received research funds from BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. to support assays performed for this study. C.C.: Employee of BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. D.M.S.: Employee of BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. at time of study design. HA: Employee of BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. I.K.: Institution has received research funds from BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. to support assays performed for this study. I.P.L.J.M.: Institution has received research funds from BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. to support assays performed for this study. J.D.C.: Institution has received research funds from BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. to support assays performed for this study. J.H.: Institution has received research funds from BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. to support assays performed for this study. J.J.O.: Institution has received research funds from BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. to support assays performed for this study. J.N.N.: Institution has received research funds from BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. to support assays performed for this study. J.P.B.: Institution has received research funds from BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. to support assays performed for this study. J.R.O.: Personal: Advisory boards for GSK (RSV Cost Effectiveness Advisory Board, Vaccine Virtual Days 2023), Pfizer (Advisory Committee of Influenza Experts [ACTIvE]), and Moderna (New Vaccines Advisory Board). Consultant for ENA Respiratory. Institution has received research funds from BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. to support assays performed for this study. K.M.N.: Institution has received research funds from BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. to support assays performed for this study. K.L.K.: Institution has received research funds from BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. to support assays performed for this study. M.B.S.: Institution has received research funds from BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. to support assays performed for this study. M.E.D.: Institution has received research funds from BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. to support assays performed for this study. M.F.M.: Institution has received research funds from BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. to support assays performed for this study. M.P.: Institution has received research funds from BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. to support assays performed for this study. R.R.R.: Presently employed at Moderna Therapeutics and may own shares as a condition of employment. Completed involvement in this work prior to this employment. While at University of Maryland, her institution received research funds from BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. to support assays performed for this study. S.D.: Institution has received research funds from BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. to support assays performed for this study. S.M.T.: Institution has received research funds from BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. to support assays. performed for this study. T.H.: Employee of BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. at time of study design. V.A.: Institution has received research funds from BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. to support assays performed for this study. Y.L.: Institution has received research funds from BlueWillow Biologics, Inc. to support assays performed for this study. No other authors have competing interests.