Pyrialakos, Georgios G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8612-9694
Dinani, Hediyeh M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8949-6422
Jeon, Do Hyeok
Nazarlu, Majid G. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6509-5812
Ren, Huizhong
Berman Bradley, Abraham M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6180-9936
Khajavikhan, Mercedeh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7091-1470
Christodoulides, Demetrios N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3630-7234
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command | Army Research Office (W911NF-23-1-0312)
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (N00014-20-1-2789)
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-20-1-0322, FA9550-21-1-0202)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0022282, DE-SC0025224)
W. M. Keck Foundation
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Research Laboratory (FA86511820019, FA8650-19-C- 1692)
Ministry of Defense (4441279927)
Simons Foundation (733682)
Annenberg fellowship from the University of Southern California
Article History
Received: 30 June 2025
Accepted: 24 September 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.