Mittmann, Gesa https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0375-4689
Laiouar-Pedari, Sara
Mehrtens, Hendrik A.
Haggenmüller, Sarah
Bucher, Tabea-Clara
Chanda, Tirtha https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0649-9301
Gaisa, Nadine T.
Wagner, Mathias
Klamminger, Gilbert Georg
Rau, Tilman T.
Neppl, Christina
Compérat, Eva Maria
Gocht, Andreas
Haemmerle, Monika https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3145-0541
Rupp, Niels J.
Westhoff, Jula
Krücken, Irene
Seidl, Maximilian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5559-4980
Schürch, Christian M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1792-1768
Bauer, Marcus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0657-6831
Solass, Wiebke
Tam, Yu Chun
Weber, Florian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7480-8828
Grobholz, Rainer https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1901-7967
Augustyniak, Jaroslaw
Kalinski, Thomas
Hörner, Christian
Mertz, Kirsten D.
Döring, Constanze
Erbersdobler, Andreas
Deubler, Gabriele
Bremmer, Felix
Sommer, Ulrich
Brodhun, Michael
Griffin, Jon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3969-7637
Lenon, Maria Sarah L.
Trpkov, Kiril
Cheng, Liang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6049-5293
Chen, Fei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8005-4399
Levi, Angelique
Cai, Guoping
Nguyen, Tri Q.
Amin, Ali
Cimadamore, Alessia
Shabaik, Ahmed
Manucha, Varsha
Ahmad, Nazeel
Messias, Nidia
Sanguedolce, Francesca
Taheri, Diana
Baraban, Ezra
Jia, Liwei
Shah, Rajal B.
Siadat, Farshid
Swarbrick, Nicole
Park, Kyung
Hassan, Oudai
Sakhaie, Siamak
Downes, Michelle R.
Miyamoto, Hiroshi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7610-7769
Williamson, Sean R.
Holland-Letz, Tim
Wies, Christoph https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7136-298X
Schneider, Carolin V.
Kather, Jakob Nikolas
Tolkach, Yuri https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5239-2841
Brinker, Titus J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3620-5919
Article History
Received: 3 March 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Competing interests
: TJB owns a company that develops mobile apps (Smart Health Heidelberg GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). TJB received honoraria from Novartis, Roche and HEINE Optotechnik. JNK declares consulting services for Panakeia, AstraZeneca, MultiplexDx, Mindpeak, Owkin, DoMore Diagnostics, and Bioptimus. Furthermore, he holds shares in StratifAI, Synagen, Tremont AI, and Ignition Labs, has received an institutional research grant from GSK, and has received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Janssen, Merck, MSD, BMS, Roche, Pfizer, and Fresenius. YT declares consulting services for Indica Labs, AstraZeneca, MSD, Pfizer; royalties not related to this study (Indica Labs). CMS is a cofounder and shareholder of Vicinity Bio GmbH, and is a scientific advisor to and has received research funding from Enable Medicine Inc., all outside the current work. HM declares consulting services for PathXL, Invicro, and PathAI, outside of this work. NJR discloses an advisory board function for AbbVie AG, and receipt of a travel grant from Roche Diagnostics, both outside of the scope of the current work. IK has received honoraria from AstraZeneca and Menarini Stemline, as well as gifts/financial advantages from Roche (conference invitations). NTG received an institutional research grant from Janssen/Johnson & Johnson and declares consulting services for/honoraria from AstraZeneca, Janssen, Merck, BMS, Daiichi Sankyo, and Bayer. No other conflicts of interest are declared by any of the authors.