Liu, Siqi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5723-8314
Liu, Wei-Di https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8271-639X
Lyu, Wanyu
Yin, Liang-Cao
Yue, Yicheng
Gao, Han https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0954-0885
Li, Meng
Shi, Xiao-Lei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0905-2547
Liu, Qingfeng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2492-8092
Wang, Ning https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4178-9450
Riches, James D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8494-4743
Golberg, Dmitri V. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2298-6539
Chen, Zhi-Gang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-7993
Funding for this research was provided by:
Australian research council, HBIS-UQ Innovation Centre for Sustainable Steel project, QUT Capacity Building Professor Program
Article History
Received: 5 February 2025
Accepted: 24 September 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.