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Direct observation of substitutional and interstitial dopant diffusion in oxide grain boundary

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-64798-w

Published Online: 2025-10-17

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Futazuka, Toshihiro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-2662
Ishikawa, Ryo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5801-0971
Yokoi, Tatsuya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5178-3952
Matsunaga, Katsuyuki

Shibata, Naoya https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3548-5952
Ikuhara, Yuichi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3886-005X
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-10-17

Version of Record valid from 2025-10-17
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Article History

Received: 5 March 2025

Accepted: 25 September 2025

First Online: 17 October 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.