Grubb, Treg
Koochaki, Pooneh
Matar, Sayed
Ghandour, Fatme
Machaalani, Marc https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6708-9922
Saad, Eddy
Tang, Cerise
Reznik, Eduard https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6511-5947
Khatun, Jesminara
Salem, Carleigh
Dubasik, Noah
Orlando, David A. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2170-0208
Guenther, Matthew G.
Parajuli, Gyanu
Srivastava, Raghvendra M.
Martinez, Steven R.
Coker, Jesse A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1842-9860
Kotecha, Ritesh R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-3479
Hakimi, A. Ari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-8824
Asara, John M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7450-2589
Chan, Timothy A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9265-0283
Vanharanta, Sakari https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5619-7963
Stauffer, Shaun R.
Kaelin, William G. Jr. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0574-4856
Signoretti, Sabina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5000-9105
Choueiri, Toni K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9201-3217
Chakraborty, Abhishek A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3382-188X
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH2010804)
Article History
Received: 14 September 2024
Accepted: 1 October 2025
First Online: 14 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest with the data presented in this study. W.G.K. is a paid advisor to Casdin Capital, Circle Pharma, Fibrogen, Nextech and Tango Therapeutics and serves on the boards of IcoOVir Bio, Lifemine Therapeutics and Eli Lilly. T.K.C. reports institutional and/or personal, paid and/or unpaid support for research, advisory boards, consultancy and/or honoraria past 5 years and ongoing, from Alkermes, AstraZeneca, Aravive, Aveo, Bayer, Bristol Myers-Squibb, Calithera, Circle Pharma, Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Eisai, EMD Serono, Exelixis, GlaxoSmithKline, Gilead, IQVA, Infinity, Ipsen, Jansen, Kanaph, Lilly, Merck, Nikang, Nuscan, Novartis, Oncohost, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi/Aventis, Scholar Rock, Surface Oncology, Takeda, Tempest, Up-To-Date, CME events (Peerview, OncLive, MJH, CCO and others), outside the submitted work; institutional patents filed on molecular alterations and immunotherapy response/toxicity and ctDNA; equity in Tempest, Pionyr, Osel, Precede Bio, CureResponse, InnDura; committee service at NCCN, GU Steering Committee, ASCO/ESMO, ACCRU, KidneyCan; medical writing and editorial assistance support may have been funded by Communications companies in part; no speaker’s bureau; mentored several non-US citizens on research projects with potential funding (in part) from non-US sources/Foreign Components; The institution (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) may have received additional independent funding of drug companies or/and royalties potentially involved in research around the subject matter of T.K.C’s findings (not related to this study). T.K.C. is supported in part by the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center Kidney SPORE (2P50CA101942-16) and Program 5P30CA006516-56, the Kohlberg Chair at Harvard Medical School and the Trust Family, Michael Brigham, Pan Mass Challenge, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Fund and Loker Pinard Funds for Kidney Cancer Research at DFCI. S.S. reports receiving commercial research grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Exelixis and Novartis; is a consultant/advisory board member for Merck, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, CRISPR Therapeutics AG, AACR and NCI; receives royalties from Biogenex; and mentored several non-US citizens on research projects with potential funding (in part) from non-US sources/Foreign Components. R.R.K reports consulting for Eisai, and institutional research funding from Pfizer, Takeda, Novartis, Exelixis, Xencor, Arsenal Bio and Allogene Therapeutics.