Wang, Xuanhao
Meng, Yuqian
Sun, Mingli
Gao, Xiali
Wang, Yuqi
Wang, Shaobo https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9835-9527
Wang, Kaiyue
Wang, Ruofan
Ren, Danyang
Yin, Yonggang
Li, Chiye
Chen, Ruimin
Wang, Lihong V. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9783-4383
Shi, Junhui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5741-2781
Article History
Received: 7 October 2024
Accepted: 6 October 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Competing interests
: L. V. W. has a financial interest in Microphotoacoustics, Inc., CalPACT, LLC and Union Photoacoustic Technologies, Ltd., which, however, did not support this work. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.