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Authors
Carstens, Elizabeth J.
Takahashi, Kazuki https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3348-3860
Sakamoto, Naoya
De Vizio, Martina
Morgado, Micaela
Nikkhoi, Shahryar Khoshtinat
Mangipudi, Abhishek
Nguyen, Canh Hiep
Weltzin, Tate
Nakayama, Izuma
Lv, Qiang
Zeng, Jue
Nie, Cui
Deng, Changjing
Wang, Xiaoxiao
Liu, Lile
Klempner, Samuel J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-0808
Ramasubramanian, Anusuya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7178-7734
Nowak, Jonathan A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0943-7407
Aguirre, Andrew J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0701-6203
Shitara, Kohei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5196-3630
Smith, Eric L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0296-7587
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
DeGregorio Family Foundation
Massachusetts Life Sciences Center
Parker Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy Torrey Coast The Lavine Family
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Article History
Received: 20 November 2024
Accepted: 8 October 2025
First Online: 1 November 2025
Competing interests
: E.L.S. has consulted for ArsenalBio, Blackstone Life Sciences, Chroma Medicine, Clade Therapeutics, Eureka Therapeutics, ImmuneBridge, Legend Biotech, Overland Pharmaceuticals, Predicta Biosciences, and Sana Biotech. E.L.S. holds equity in Predicta Biosciences and receives research funding from Sanofi. E.L.S. is an inventor on licensed patents regarding CAR T cells and antibodies to treat multiple myeloma and received royalties from Bristol Myers Squibb and Sanofi. E.L.S. was on a Scientific Advisory Board for Bristol Myers Squibb, Chimeric Therapeutics, Novartis, and Sanofi. S.J.K has served a consultant/advisory role for Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Eli Lilly, Roche, Astellas, Daiichi Sankyo, Pieris, Natera, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Mersana, Sanofi-Aventis, Taiho Oncology, Eisai, and I-Mab Therapeutics. J.A.N. serves as a consultant for Leica Biosystems. A.J.A. has consulted for Anji Pharmaceuticals, Affini-T Therapeutics, Arrakis Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Kestrel Therapeutics, Merck & Co., Inc., Mirati Therapeutics, Nimbus Therapeutics, Oncorus, Inc., Plexium, Quanta Therapeutics, Revolution Medicines, Reactive Biosciences, Riva Therapeutics, Servier Pharmaceuticals, Syros Pharmaceuticals, Taiho Pharmaceuticals, T-knife Therapeutics, Third Rock Ventures, and Ventus Therapeutics. A.J.A. holds equity in Riva Therapeutics and Kestrel Therapeutics. A.J.A. has received research funding from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Deerfield, Inc., Eli Lilly, Mirati Therapeutics, Nimbus Therapeutics, Novartis, Novo Ventures, Revolution Medicines, and Syros Pharmaceuticals. K.S. reports receiving fees for consulting and advisory roles from Bristol Myers Squibb, Takeda, Ono Pharmaceutical, Novartis, Daiichi Sankyo, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck Pharmaceutical, Astellas, Guardant Health Japan, Janssen, AstraZeneca, Zymeworks Biopharmaceuticals, ALX Oncology Inc, Bayer, GlaxoSmithKline, HEALIOS, Moderna Inc, Arcus Biosciences Inc; receiving honoraria from Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Ono Pharmaceutical, and Astellas. K.S. has research funding from Merck Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Chugai Pharma, Ono Pharmaceutical, Astellas, Eisai, Amgen, PRA Health Sciences, AstraZeneca, PPD-SNBL K.K., and TORAY. I.N. receives research funding from Astellas, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD), Daiichi Sankyo, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Honoria from Astellas, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD), Daiichi Sankyo, and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. N.S. received lecture fees from Astellas. A.R. has consulted for Black Opal Ventures (BOV). Q.L., J.Z., C.N., C.D., X.W., and L.L. are employees of Nona Biosciences (Suzhou) Co., Ltd.; E.L.S., E.J.C., A.R., Q.L., J.Z., C.N., C.D., X.W., and L.L. are inventors on the patent CLDN18 VH CAR, App. No. 202510028444.4 related to this work. K.T., M.D.V., M.M., S.K.N., A.M., C.H.N., and T.W. do not report any conflicts of interest.
