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Authors
Nie, Bo
Lee, Seok Woo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7785-2904
Wang, Ta-Wei
Liu, Tengxiao
Li, Ju https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-8058
Sun, Hongtao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3259-6091
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (CBET-2134643)
The Pennsylvania State University start-up fund
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Article History
Received: 13 October 2024
Accepted: 8 October 2025
First Online: 29 October 2025
Competing interests
: H.S., B.N., S.L., and T.W. are inventors on patents (US Provisional Application No. 63/840,217 and US Provisional Application No. 63/840,233) relating to this study filed by the Pennsylvania State University, University Park. H.S., B.N., S.L., and T.W. have no other competing interests. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
