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Multilayer nonlinear diffraction neural networks with programmable and fast ReLU activation function

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-65275-0

Published Online: 2025-11-24

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Ning, Yu Ming

Ma, Qian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4662-8667
Xiao, Qiang

Gao, Xin Xin https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3097-6657
Wu, Qian Wen

Gu, Ze https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5459-1008
Li, Rui Si

Chen, Long https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1533-0319
You, Jian Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5761-9507
Cui, Tie Jun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5862-1497
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-11-24

Version of Record valid from 2025-11-24
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Article History

Received: 17 March 2025

Accepted: 13 October 2025

First Online: 24 November 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.