Hoang, Lauren https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7556-8560
Bennett, Robert K. A.
Hoang, Anh Tuan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0911-1391
Peña, Tara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8404-9543
Zhang, Zhepeng
Hocking, Marisa
Saunders, Ashley P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2382-5884
Jaikissoon, Marc https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-6348
Liu, Fang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-8328
Pop, Eric https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0436-8534
Mannix, Andrew J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4788-1506
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (FuSe2 grant 2425218)
National Science Foundation (MPS-Ascend Postdoctoral Fellowship)
National Science Foundation (FuSe2 grant 2425218)
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company
DOE | LDRD | Sandia National Laboratories
Semiconductor Research Corporation
Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Agreement No. HR00112390108)
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Agreement No. HR00112390108)
Article History
Received: 24 March 2025
Accepted: 20 October 2025
First Online: 20 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.