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Authors
O’Malley, Bryan J. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9791-6117
Schwing, Patrick T. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8466-4952
Chernoch, Sophia K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-3375
Larson, Rebekka A.
Clarke, Michael
Marsh, Leigh M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4613-1538
Lough, Alastair J. M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8095-9064
Brooks, Gregg R.
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Article History
Received: 5 August 2024
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Competing interests
: At the time of this manuscript, co-authors LM and MC are employees of The Metals Company, which provided partial funding for this study. The Metals Company had no influence on the study design, data analysis, interpretation, or conclusions. For further details, please see the Contributions section. The remaining authors (BOM, PS, SC, RL, GB, and AL) declare no competing financial or non-financial interests.
