Wang, Ruihai https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1780-4983
Zhao, Qianhao https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6899-5630
Wang, Tianbo
Modarelli, Mitchell
Vouras, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1654-3080
Ma, Zikun
Hong, Zhixuan
Hoshino, Kazunori https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7080-7825
Brady, David https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5655-2478
Zheng, Guoan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4268-2690
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01-EB034744)
NSF | Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences | Division of Mathematical Sciences (2012140)
U.S. Department of Energy (SC0025582)
Article History
Received: 8 April 2025
Accepted: 17 October 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Competing interests
: G. Z. is a named inventor of a related patent application. Other authors declare no competing interests.