Williams, Kaitlin L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8768-0488
Badiei, Beita https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4183-9383
Reilly, James
Andrews, William
Minsky, Hana B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8038-4646
Haddad, Nina Rossa
Martinez Pena, Eddie G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4545-7154
Sun, Mengqi
Lee, Sam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3760-8960
Li, Ang
Curvin-Aquilla, Leigh
Johnson, Arieana Y. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3869-8581
Willis, Aiden
Kirby, Charles S.
van Ee, Amy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1277-3137
Xue, Yingchao
Cox, Carrie A.
Rajagopalan, Shanmuga Priya https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-9740
Kang, Sewon
Kannan, Kurunthachalam
Caffrey, Julie
Archer, Nathan K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-8985
Kane, Maureen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5525-9170
Garza, Luis A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6547-9695
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR083822, R01AR074846)
Article History
Received: 16 October 2024
Accepted: 22 October 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Competing interests
: Research reported in this publication was supported by the Ina R. Drew and Howard J. Drew Innovation Fund, the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), under R01 AR083822, T32 GM136577 and R56 AR082660, the Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund Award 2022-MSCRFD-5917 to L.A.G., as well as the Daniel Nathans Scholar fund to L.A.G. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.