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Article History
Received: 24 September 2024
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Competing interests
: M.K. is a co-scientific founder of Montara Therapeutics and serves on the Scientific Advisory Boards of Engine Biosciences, Casma Therapeutics, Cajal Neuroscience, Alector, and Montara Therapeutics, and is an advisor to Modulo Bio and Recursion Therapeutics. M.K. is an inventor on US Patent 11,254,933 related to CRISPRi and CRISPRa screening, and on a US Patent application on in vivo screening methods. JRH is a co-founder of Azalea Therapeutics. CF is a co-founder of Mirimus, Inc. B.A. is an advisory board member with options for Arbor Biotechnologies and Tessera Therapeutics. B.A. holds equity in Celsius Therapeutics. The Regents of the University of California have patents issued and pending for CRISPR technologies (on which J.A.D. is an inventor) and delivery technologies (on which J.A.D. and J.R.H. are co-inventors). J.A.D. is a cofounder of Azalea Therapeutics, Caribou Biosciences, Editas Medicine, Evercrisp, Scribe Therapeutics, Intellia Therapeutics, and Mammoth Biosciences. J.A.D. is a scientific advisory board member at Evercrisp, Caribou Biosciences, Intellia Therapeutics, Scribe Therapeutics, Mammoth Biosciences, The Column Group, and Inari. J.A.D. is Chief Science Advisor to Sixth Street, a Director at Johnson & Johnson, Altos and Tempus, and has a research project sponsored by Apple Tree Partners. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.