Zhai, Qingwei
Pramanik, Nikhil
Duan, Ruihuan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4999-9735
Huang, Sunchao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3456-1116
Liu, Zheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8825-7198
Wong, Liang Jie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9601-9456
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Education - Singapore (Academic Research Fund Tier 2 (MOE-T2EP50222-0012))
Ministry of Education - Singapore (Academic Research Fund Tier 1 (RG139/23))
Ministry of Education - Singapore (Academic Research Fund Tier 3 (MOE2018-T3-1-002))
Ministry of Education - Singapore (Academic Research Fund Tier 3 (MOE2018-T3-1-002))
National Research Foundation Singapore (Competitive Research Programme (NRF-CRP22-2019-0007))
National Research Foundation Singapore (Competitive Research Programme (NRF-CRP22-2019-0004))
National Research Foundation Singapore (Competitive Research Programme (NRF-CRP22-2019-0007))
National Research Foundation Singapore (Competitive Research Programme (NRF-CRP22-2019-0004))
National Research Foundation Singapore (Competitive Research Programme (NRF-CRP26-2021-0004))
Article History
Received: 12 February 2025
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 11 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.