Park, Sangwoo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2701-3114
Ho, Cassidy E.
Darnell, Eli P.
Wolff, Alexandra N.
Takei, Hana https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7388-7736
Birocchi, Filippo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5214-233X
Bouffard, Amanda A.
Salas-Benito, Diego
Escobar, Giulia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9177-0251
Leick, Mark B. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3111-0221
Mucci, Adele
Berger, Trisha R.
Maus, Marcela V. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-0393
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (R01CA238268)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (K99CA303346)
Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation (DRG-2529-24)
Article History
Received: 22 August 2025
Accepted: 30 October 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Competing interests
: M.V.M. and S.P. are inventors on patent applications filed by MGH related to CAR-T cell technologies described in this study. All other authors declare no competing interests. M.V.M. is an inventor on patents related to adoptive cell therapies, held by Massachusetts General Hospital (some licensed to Promab and Luminary) and University of Pennsylvania (some licensed to Novartis). M.V.M. holds equity in 2SeventyBio, A2Bio, Affyimmune, BendBio, Cargo, GBM newco, Model T bio, Neximmune, and Oncternal. M.V.M. receives Grant/Research support from Kite Pharma, Moderna, and Sobi. M.V.M. has served as a consultant for multiple companies involved in cell therapies. M.V.M.’s competing interests are managed by Mass General Brigham. M.B.L. is a contributor to patent filings on CAR-T technology held by the Massachusetts General Hospital and has served as a consultant for BioNtech, Cabaletta Bio, and Onclive.