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Authors
Tonnelé, Hélène https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6015-0471
Chen, Denghui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6541-3418
Morillo, Felipe
Garcia-Calleja, Jorge https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4614-4574
Chitre, Apurva S.
Johnson, Benjamin B.
Sanches, Thiago Missfeldt
Cheng, Riyan
Bonder, Marc Jan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8431-3180
Gonzalez, Antonio
Kosciolek, Tomasz
George, Anthony M.
Han, Wenyan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0886-1430
Holl, Katie https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9166-7423
Horvath, Aidan
Ishiwari, Keita https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6190-2249
King, Christopher P.
Lamparelli, Alexander C.
Martin, Connor D.
Martinez, Angel Garcia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0149-3770
Netzley, Alesa H.
Tripi, Jordan A.
Wang, Tengfei
Bosch, Elena https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2848-103X
Doris, Peter A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0565-7939
Stegle, Oliver https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8818-7193
Chen, Hao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2680-6921
Flagel, Shelly B.
Meyer, Paul J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5665-2292
Richards, Jerry B.
Robinson, Terry E.
Solberg Woods, Leah C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7943-798X
Polesskaya, Oksana
Knight, Rob https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0975-9019
Palmer, Abraham A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3634-0747
Baud, Amelie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2448-0283
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (105941/Z/14/Z)
EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (LCF/BQ/PI21/11830006)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (P50DA037844)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (U01DA051234)
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Article History
Received: 23 April 2025
Accepted: 30 October 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Competing interests
: R.K. is a scientific advisory board member and consultant for BiomeSense, Inc., has equity and receives income. He is a scientific advisory board member and has equity in GenCirq. He is a consultant for DayTwo and receives income. He has equity in and acts as a consultant for Cybele. He is a cofounder of Biota, Inc., and has equity. He is a cofounder of Micronoma and has equity and is a scientific advisory board member. The terms of these arrangements have been reviewed and approved by the University of California, San Diego, in accordance with its conflict-of-interest policies. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
