Chen, Ruixuan
Wu, Yichen
Zhang, Ke
Liu, Chuxin
Li, Wencan
Chen, Yikun
Shen, Bitao
Chen, Zhaoxi
Feng, Hanke
Ge, Zhangfeng
Zhou, Yan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-891X
Tao, Zihan
Zhang, Xuguang https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6512-4238
Xu, Weihan
Wang, Yimeng
Cai, Pengfei
Pan, Dong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6494-0585
Shu, Haowen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5429-8661
Zhou, Linjie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-2959
Wang, Cheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1939-1422
Wang, Xingjun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-2544
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62327811)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62235002)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (1230040593)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62322501)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12204021)
National Key R\&D Program of China
China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents
Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (CityU 11212721)
Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (C1002-22Y)
Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (STG3/E-704/23-N)
Croucher Foundation (9509005)
Article History
Received: 2 July 2025
Accepted: 7 November 2025
First Online: 23 December 2025
Competing interests
: K.Z., Z.C., H.F., and W.C. are involved in developing lithium niobate technologies at RhinoptiX Limited. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.