Zhang, Xiaoxuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6566-7880
Zhang, Bin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8080-0478
Meng, Fanchun
Zhao, Xiangyu
Liu, Ruilin
Liu, Meixian
Li, Huifei
Zhang, Yuan
Wu, Feng
Bai, Jin
Yan, Zhuoqun
Ren, Xiuyun
Qin, Yong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3108-0384
Wang, Xing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3225-4358
Article History
Received: 27 January 2024
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests. Patent applicant: Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Name of inventor(s): Bin Zhang, Xiaoxuan Zhang, Xing Wang, Xiaoyan Ren, Ruilin Liu, Zhuo Li. Application number: CN202510927849.1. Status of application: Pending. Specific aspect of manuscript covered in patent application: the thin film preparation method described in this manuscript is part of the content disclosed in the patent.