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Authors
Fu, Jingxin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-3661
Waks, Adrienne G.
Pimenta, Erica
Titchen, Breanna
Bi, Kevin
Camp, Sabrina
Pappa, Theodora
Keenan, Tanya
Shannon, Erin
Vigneau, Sébastien
Bemus, Meredith
Nag, Anwesha
Thorner, Aaron R.
Park, Jihye
DiLullo, Molly
Wrabel, Eileen
Jeselsohn, Rinath https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-7529
Mittendorf, Elizabeth A.
Abravanel, Daniel L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0129-1618
Tolaney, Sara M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5940-8671
Van Allen, Eliezer M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0201-4444
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
Merck
Susan G. Komen (SAC21204)
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Article History
Received: 2 October 2024
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Competing interests
: AGW reports consulting or advisory roles for AstraZeneca and AMBRX; speaker’s honoraria from AstraZeneca; and research support (to institution) from Genentech, Gilead, Macrogenics, and Merck. RJ reports consulting or advisory roles for Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Novartis, Carrick Therapeutics, GE Health, and Luminex; and research funding from Pfizer, Eli Lilly, and Novartis. EAM reports compensated service on scientific advisory boards for AstraZeneca, BioNTech, and Merck; uncompensated service on steering committees for Bristol Myers Squibb and Roche/Genentech; speakers' honoraria and travel support from Merck Sharp & Dohme; and institutional research support from Roche/Genentech (via SU2C grant) and Gilead. EAM also reports research funding from Susan Komen for the Cure, for which she serves as a Scientific Advisor, and uncompensated participation as a member of the American Society of Clinical Oncology Board of Directors. SMT reports consulting or advisory roles for Novartis, Pfizer/SeaGen, Merck, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, Genentech/Roche, Eisai, Bristol Myers Squibb/Systimmune, Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead, Blueprint Medicines, Reveal Genomics, Sumitovant Biopharma, Artios Pharma, Menarini/Stemline, Aadi Bio, Bayer, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Natera, Tango Therapeutics, eFFECTOR, Hengrui USA, Cullinan Oncology, Circle Pharma, Arvinas, BioNTech, Launch Therapeutics, Zuellig Pharma, Johnson&Johnson/Ambrx, Bicycle Therapeutics, BeiGene Therapeutics, Mersana, Summit Therapeutics, Avenzo Therapeutics, Aktis Oncology, Celcuity, Boehringer Ingelheim, Samsung Bioepis, Olema Pharmaceuticals, Tempus, and Boundless Bio; research funding from Genentech/Roche, Merck, Exelixis, Pfizer, Lilly, Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, NanoString Technologies, Gilead, SeaGen, OncoPep, Daiichi Sankyo, Menarini/Stemline, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, and Olema Pharmaceuticals; and travel support from Lilly, Gilead, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Arvinas, and Roche. EMVA reports advisory or consulting roles for Enara Bio, Manifold Bio, Monte Rosa, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Serinus Bio, and TracerDx; research funding from Novartis, BMS, Sanofi, and NextPoint; equity in Tango Therapeutics, Genome Medical, Genomic Life, Enara Bio, Manifold Bio, Microsoft, Monte Rosa, Riva Therapeutics, Serinus Bio, Syapse, TracerDx; institutional patents filed on chromatin mutations and immunotherapy response, and methods for clinical interpretation; and intermittent legal consulting on patents for Foley Hoag Editorial Boards: Science Advances . TEK reports becoming an employee at Merck, after her contributions to this manuscript. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
