Zarkali, Angeliki https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-072X
Thomas, George https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6107-0326
Hannaway, Naomi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8608-7757
Dobreva, Ivelina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9401-1899
Grant Peters, Melissa
Callaghan, Martina F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0374-1659
Ryten, Mina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9520-6957
Weil, Rimona S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5092-6325
Funding for this research was provided by:
Alzheimer's Research UK (2018B-001)
Parkinson's UK
Wellcome Trust (205263/Z/22/Z)
Multiple Sclerosis Society
Article History
Received: 9 July 2025
Accepted: 14 November 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Competing interests
: R.S.W. has received honoraria from GE HealthCare, Bial, Omnix Pharma and Britannia and consultancy fees from Therakind and Accenture, and UCL Partners. The other authors do not report any conflicts of interest.