Utz, Ashley https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2280-8521
Armbrust, Matt https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4701-806X
Nguyen, Thuy-Tien T. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1676-733X
Morris, Mary Kate
Matthews, Chris O. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2058-4840
Kompella, Pallavi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9508-5603
Cao, Zheng
Ha, Ji Won https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-9090
Violette, Arvie https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9561-8926
Brewer, R. Camille
Lanz, Tobias V. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7106-8801
Robinson, William H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-704X
Xu, Duo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0483-8719
Hanson, Carl
Hugenmatter, Adrian https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2757-5709
Kim, Peter S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6503-4541
Article History
Received: 24 March 2025
Accepted: 14 November 2025
First Online: 29 November 2025
Competing interests
: A.U., M.A., A.H., and P.S.K. are named as inventors on a patent application (PCT application No. PCT/US2025/025730) applied for by Stanford University and the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub on compositions and methods related to coronavirus therapies. All other authors declare no competing interests. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views or opinions of the California Department of Public Health or the California Health and Human Services Agency.