Qi, Lin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3433-3252
Wang, Menghua https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7019-3125
Barnes, Brian B. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0056-3500
Capone, Douglas G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3968-736X
Goes, Joaquim I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9785-6985
Carpenter, Edward J.
Xie, Yuyuan
Hu, Chuanmin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3949-6560
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NSSC20M0264)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NSSC25K7361)
Article History
Received: 5 February 2025
Accepted: 13 November 2025
First Online: 7 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.