Byrne, Hannah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7810-5978
Seager, Richard https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4772-9707
Smerdon, Jason E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6276-0249
Funding for this research was provided by:
NSF | GEO | Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences (AGS-2101214)
NSF | GEO | Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences (AGS-2101214)
NSF | GEO | Division of Ocean Sciences (OCE-221982)
Article History
Received: 29 May 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 6 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.