Luo, Yun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-5916
Liu, Yu https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3851-4387
Liu, Jie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1129-9584
Liu, Xiaojing
Li, Huinan
Wu, Yu
Zhao, Junli
Wang, Yuebin
Fang, Wenjie
Jian, Liumei
Zhuo, Lin
Li, Wenqiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-7902
Zhan, Junpeng
Fernie, Alisdair R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9000-335X
Yan, Jianbing https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8650-7811
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32321005)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32301840)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (B20051)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M731239)
Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2023AFB261)
Article History
Received: 22 March 2025
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 29 November 2025
Competing interests
: Y. Luo, Y. Liu, H.N.L, and J.B.Y are co-inventors on two patents related to the findings reported in this study. The first patent (filing number: 2024113919997) covers the development and application of molecular markers for the maize ear length and yield gene ZmTPK2 . The second patent (filing number: 2024113559050) concerns increasing maize ear length and yield through overexpression of ZmTPK2 and exogenous application of TPP. All other authors declare no competing interests.