Bansi-Matharu, Loveleen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0233-7622
Mangenah, Collin
Revill, Paul
Machingura, Fortunate https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4623-8180
Ali, Sanni
Chabata, Sungai T. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7629-1543
Matambanadzo, Primrose
Steen, Richard
Mpofu, Amon
Mugurungi, Owen
Taramusi, Isaac
Hargreaves, James R.
Cowan, Frances M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3087-4422
Phillips, Andrew N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2384-4807
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (214280/Z/18/Z)
Article History
Received: 2 June 2025
Accepted: 12 November 2025
First Online: 13 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.